Python으로 ssh를 통해 명령 수행

Python으로 ssh를 통해 명령 수행

---

파이썬에서 일부 명령 줄 명령을 자동화하는 스크립트를 작성 중입니다. 현재 전화를 걸고 있습니다.

cmd = "some unix command"
retcode = subprocess.call(cmd,shell=True)

그러나 원격 컴퓨터에서 일부 명령을 실행해야합니다. 수동으로 ssh를 사용하여 로그인 한 다음 명령을 실행합니다. 파이썬에서 이것을 어떻게 자동화합니까? 원격 컴퓨터에 (알려진) 비밀번호로 로그인해야하므로 사용할 수 없습니다. 사용해야 cmd = ssh user@remotehost할 모듈이 있는지 궁금합니다.

---

나는 당신에게 paramiko 를 참조 할 것입니다

볼 이 질문을

ssh = paramiko.SSHClient()
ssh.connect(server, username=username, password=password)
ssh_stdin, ssh_stdout, ssh_stderr = ssh.exec_command(cmd_to_execute)

---

또는 commands.getstatusoutput을 사용할 수 있습니다 .

   commands.getstatusoutput("ssh machine 1 'your script'")

광범위하게 사용했으며 훌륭하게 작동합니다.

Python 2.6 이상에서는을 사용하십시오 subprocess.check_output.

---

Fabric을 보셨습니까 ? 파이썬을 사용하여 SSH를 통해 모든 종류의 원격 작업을 수행 할 수 있습니다.

---

나는 paramiko가 너무 낮은 수준이라는 것을 알았고 Fabric은 라이브러리로 사용하기에 특히 적합하지 않았으므로 paramiko를 사용하여 약간 더 멋진 인터페이스를 구현하는 spur 라는 자체 라이브러리 를 구성했습니다.

import spur

shell = spur.SshShell(hostname="localhost", username="bob", password="password1")
result = shell.run(["echo", "-n", "hello"])
print result.output # prints hello

쉘 내부에서 실행해야하는 경우 :

shell.run(["sh", "-c", "echo -n hello"])

---

모두 paramiko를 사용하여 이미 언급 (권장) 했으며 한 번에 여러 명령을 실행할 수있는 파이썬 코드 (API 하나)를 공유하고 있습니다.

다른 노드에서 명령을 실행하려면 다음을 사용하십시오. Commands().run_cmd(host_ip, list_of_commands)

명령 중 하나라도 실행되지 않으면 실행을 중지 한 TODO가 표시됩니다. 어떻게해야할지 모르겠습니다. 당신의 지식을 공유하십시오

#!/usr/bin/python

import os
import sys
import select
import paramiko
import time


class Commands:
    def __init__(self, retry_time=0):
        self.retry_time = retry_time
        pass

    def run_cmd(self, host_ip, cmd_list):
        i = 0
        while True:
        # print("Trying to connect to %s (%i/%i)" % (self.host, i, self.retry_time))
        try:
            ssh = paramiko.SSHClient()
            ssh.set_missing_host_key_policy(paramiko.AutoAddPolicy())
            ssh.connect(host_ip)
            break
        except paramiko.AuthenticationException:
            print("Authentication failed when connecting to %s" % host_ip)
            sys.exit(1)
        except:
            print("Could not SSH to %s, waiting for it to start" % host_ip)
            i += 1
            time.sleep(2)

        # If we could not connect within time limit
        if i >= self.retry_time:
            print("Could not connect to %s. Giving up" % host_ip)
            sys.exit(1)
        # After connection is successful
        # Send the command
        for command in cmd_list:
            # print command
            print "> " + command
            # execute commands
            stdin, stdout, stderr = ssh.exec_command(command)
            # TODO() : if an error is thrown, stop further rules and revert back changes
            # Wait for the command to terminate
            while not stdout.channel.exit_status_ready():
                # Only print data if there is data to read in the channel
                if stdout.channel.recv_ready():
                    rl, wl, xl = select.select([ stdout.channel ], [ ], [ ], 0.0)
                    if len(rl) > 0:
                        tmp = stdout.channel.recv(1024)
                        output = tmp.decode()
                        print output

        # Close SSH connection
        ssh.close()
        return

def main(args=None):
    if args is None:
        print "arguments expected"
    else:
        # args = {'<ip_address>', <list_of_commands>}
        mytest = Commands()
        mytest.run_cmd(host_ip=args[0], cmd_list=args[1])
    return


if __name__ == "__main__":
    main(sys.argv[1:])

감사합니다!

---

I have used paramiko a bunch (nice) and pxssh (also nice). I would recommend either. They work a little differently but have a relatively large overlap in usage.

---

Keep it simple. No libraries required.

import subprocess

subprocess.Popen("ssh {user}@{host} {cmd}".format(user=user, host=host, cmd='ls -l'), shell=True, stdout=subprocess.PIPE, stderr=subprocess.PIPE).communicate()

---

paramiko finally worked for me after adding additional line, which is really important one (line 3):

import paramiko

p = paramiko.SSHClient()
p.set_missing_host_key_policy(paramiko.AutoAddPolicy())   # This script doesn't work for me unless this line is added!
p.connect("server", port=22, username="username", password="password")
stdin, stdout, stderr = p.exec_command("your command")
opt = stdout.readlines()
opt = "".join(opt)
print(opt)

Make sure that paramiko package is installed. Original source of the solution: Source

---

#Reading the Host,username,password,port from excel file
import paramiko 
import xlrd

ssh = paramiko.SSHClient()
ssh.set_missing_host_key_policy(paramiko.AutoAddPolicy())

loc = ('/Users/harshgow/Documents/PYTHON_WORK/labcred.xlsx')
wo = xlrd.open_workbook(loc)
sheet = wo.sheet_by_index(0)
Host = sheet.cell_value(0,1)
Port = int(sheet.cell_value(3,1))
User = sheet.cell_value(1,1)
Pass = sheet.cell_value(2,1)

def details(Host,Port,User,Pass):
    ssh.connect(Host, Port, User, Pass)
    print('connected to ip ',Host)
    stdin, stdout, stderr = ssh.exec_command("")
    stdin.write('xcommand SystemUnit Boot Action: Restart\n')
    print('success')

details(Host,Port,User,Pass)

---

Have a look at spurplus, a wrapper we developed around spur that provides type annotations and some minor gimmicks (reconnecting SFTP, md5 etc.): https://pypi.org/project/spurplus/

---

Works Perfectly...

import paramiko
import time

ssh = paramiko.SSHClient()
#ssh.load_system_host_keys()
ssh.set_missing_host_key_policy(paramiko.AutoAddPolicy())
ssh.connect('10.106.104.24', port=22, username='admin', password='')

time.sleep(5)
print('connected')
stdin, stdout, stderr = ssh.exec_command(" ")

def execute():
       stdin.write('xcommand SystemUnit Boot Action: Restart\n')
       print('success')

execute()

---

Asking User to enter the command as per the device they are logging in.
The below code is validated by PEP8online.com.

import paramiko
import xlrd
import time

ssh = paramiko.SSHClient()
ssh.set_missing_host_key_policy(paramiko.AutoAddPolicy())
loc = ('/Users/harshgow/Documents/PYTHON_WORK/labcred.xlsx')
wo = xlrd.open_workbook(loc)
sheet = wo.sheet_by_index(0)
Host = sheet.cell_value(0, 1)
Port = int(sheet.cell_value(3, 1))
User = sheet.cell_value(1, 1)
Pass = sheet.cell_value(2, 1)

def details(Host, Port, User, Pass):
    time.sleep(2)
    ssh.connect(Host, Port, User, Pass)
    print('connected to ip ', Host)
    stdin, stdout, stderr = ssh.exec_command("")
    x = input('Enter the command:')
    stdin.write(x)
    stdin.write('\n')
    print('success')

details(Host, Port, User, Pass)

---

Below example, incase if you want user inputs for hostname,username,password and port no.

  import paramiko

  ssh = paramiko.SSHClient()

  ssh.set_missing_host_key_policy(paramiko.AutoAddPolicy())



  def details():

  Host = input("Enter the Hostname: ")

  Port = input("Enter the Port: ")

  User = input("Enter the Username: ")

  Pass = input("Enter the Password: ")

  ssh.connect(Host, Port, User, Pass, timeout=2)

  print('connected')

  stdin, stdout, stderr = ssh.exec_command("")

  stdin.write('xcommand SystemUnit Boot Action: Restart\n')

  print('success')

  details()

참고URL : https://stackoverflow.com/questions/3586106/perform-commands-over-ssh-with-python